IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During the last 3 months of pregnancy, antibodies from mothers are passed to their unborn babies through the placenta. This type of immunity is called passive immunity because the baby has been given antibodies rather than making them itself.

Detailed explanation-2: -Innate immunity is the immune system that is present when you are born. It is your body’s first line of defense against germs. It includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, and special cells and proteins that can recognize and kill germs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Immunity may be passive or active. During passive immunity, antibodies made in another person or animal enter the body and the immunity is short-lived and Active Immunity: In the case of active immunity, antigens enter the body and the body responds by making its own antibodies and B-memory cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -What are breast milk antibodies? Colostrum and breast milk contain antibodies called immunoglobulins. They are a certain kind of protein that allow a mother to pass immunity to her baby. Specifically, breast milk contains the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG and secretory versions of IgM (SIgM) and IgA (SIgA).

Detailed explanation-5: -Natural passive immunity can also be transferred through breast milk. Natural passive immunity is short-lived after the birth of the child.

Detailed explanation-6: -Passive immunity provides short-term protection against infection. Antibodies are proteins that bind to and help attack pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. They are a key component of the human immune system. Typically, antibodies are produced by white blood cells in response to infection.