IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Healthy cells have ‘self-antigens’ on the surface of their membranes. They let T-cells know that they are not intruders. If a cell is infected with a virus, it has pieces of virus antigens on its surface. This is a signal for the Killer T-cell that lets it know this is a cell that must be destroyed.

Detailed explanation-3: -A type of immune cell that can kill certain cells, including foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus. Killer T cells can be separated from other blood cells, grown in the laboratory, and then given to a patient to kill cancer cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lymphocyte There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The B cells produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The T cells destroy the body’s own cells that have themselves been taken over by viruses or become cancerous.

Detailed explanation-5: -Regulatory T cells (also called Tregs): suppress the actions of B and T cells to decrease the immune response when a highly active response is no longer warranted. Tregs control the immune response to self and foreign particles (antigens) and help prevent autoimmune disease.

Detailed explanation-6: -A cytotoxic T lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell and a type of lymphocyte. Also called cytotoxic T cell and killer T cell.

Detailed explanation-7: -T cells protect us from infection. T cells can wipe out infected or cancerous cells. They also direct the immune response by helping B lymphocytes to eliminate invading pathogens.