IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of common cold. COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus – the COVID19 virus (or SARS-CoV-2 virus).

Detailed explanation-2: -The novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly transmissible pneumonia-like disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 which emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is currently circulating throughout the world [1, 2].

Detailed explanation-3: -The virus propagates and migrates down the respiratory tract along the conducting airways, and a more robust innate immune response is triggered. Nasal swabs or sputum should yield the virus (SARS-CoV-2) as well as early markers of the innate immune response. At this time, the disease COVID-19 is clinically manifest.

Detailed explanation-4: -COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 can cause mild to severe respiratory illness, including death. The best preventive measures include getting vaccinated, wearing a mask during times of high transmission, staying 6 feet apart, washing hands often and avoiding sick people.

Detailed explanation-5: -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Detailed explanation-6: -Full-genome sequencing and phylogenic analysis indicated that the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus in the same subgenus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus (as well as several bat coronaviruses), but in a different clade.

Detailed explanation-7: -A pathogen is defined as an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence. Pathogens are taxonomically widely diverse and comprise viruses and bacteria as well as unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.