IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The base rate is usually set to 60 beats/min, meaning that the pacemaker will wait just 1000 ms after each depolarization before it delivers a pulse. Spontaneous depolarizations occurring within 1000 ms will inhibit the pacemaker.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most common reason people get a pacemaker is their heart beats too slowly (called bradycardia), or it pauses, causing fainting spells or other symptoms. In some cases, the pacemaker may also be used to prevent or treat a heartbeat that is too fast (tachycardia) or irregular.

Detailed explanation-3: -They send impulses from the pulse generator to the heart muscle, as well as sense the heart’s electrical activity. Each impulse causes the heart to contract. The pacemaker may have one to three leads, depending on the type of pacemaker needed to treat your heart problem.

Detailed explanation-4: -Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines-epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate.