IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitosis and each of the two meiotic divisions result in two separate nuclei contained within a single cell. Cytokinesis performs an essential process to separate the cell in half and ensure that one nucleus ends up in each daughter cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -For example, cytokines can tell an immature cell to mature into a white blood cell capable of fighting infection. Cell proliferation: Cytokines can tell a cell to make more cells just like it. For example, cytokines can tell a white blood cell to make more white blood cells to fight infection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cytokines are produced by virtually all cells and have a wide variety of functions. The biological effect depends on the cytokine and the cell involved, but normally cytokines affect cell activation, division, apoptosis or movement. They act as autocrine, paracrine or endocrine messengers.

Detailed explanation-4: -A type of protein that is made by certain immune and non-immune cells and has an effect on the immune system. Some cytokines stimulate the immune system and others slow it down. They can also be made in the laboratory and used to help the body fight cancer, infections, and other diseases.