IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Immune cells modulate wound healing by promoting cellular cross-talk via secreting signaling molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. For successful wound healing, a delicate balance in this process needs to be maintained.

Detailed explanation-2: -Wound healing is typically divided into four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. These phases result from a cascade of events, largely mediated by immune cells and signaling molecules (Fig.

Detailed explanation-3: -Role of macrophages in wound healing Macrophages migrate into the wound 48 to 96 hours after injury and become the predominant cell population before fibroblast migration and replication. Macrophages play an integral and critical role in successful wound healing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tissue injury is followed by a cascade of processes leading to the restoration of tissue homeostasis and it is well recognized that the immune system is strongly involved in tissue healing.