IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Once B-cells are activated, they become plasma cells that produce antibodies in response to an antigen. Or they become memory cells that remember the antigen so your immune system can quickly identify and fight it in the future.

Detailed explanation-2: -B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their surface, which they use to bind to a specific protein. Once the B cells bind to this protein, called an antigen, they release antibodies that stick to the antigen and prevent it from harming the body. Then, the B cells secrete cytokines to attract other immune cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -B cells secrete antibodies that contribute to tissue injury via multiple mechanisms. In addition, B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis in autoimmunity and alloimmunity by presenting antigens as well as providing costimulation and cytokines to T cells.