IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Antibodies that target intracellular antigens could open the door to a whole new realm of therapeutic targets, with potentially immense clinical benefits. While antibodies targeting intracellular antigens have broad clinical potential, this review will focus primarily on their application for cancer therapy.

Detailed explanation-2: -However, a major limitation is that conventional antibodies are not able to penetrate into living cells, since the high molecular weight of antibodies prevents them from crossing the cell membranes to access intracellular targets.

Detailed explanation-3: -The major class of immunoglobulin in the blood is IgG, which is a four-chain monomer produced in large quantities during secondary immune responses. Besides activating complement, the tail region of an IgG molecule binds to specific receptors on macrophages and neutrophils.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibodies are proteins that are naturally produced by a type of immune cell called B cells and serve to protect us against a variety of threats, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. Antibodies do this by precisely targeting and binding to cell surface markers known as antigens.