IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The spleen acts as a filter. It weeds out old and damaged cells and helps control the amount of blood and blood cells that circulate in the body. The spleen also helps get rid of germs. It contains white blood cells called lymphocytes and macrophages.

Detailed explanation-2: -The spleen also removes unhealthy, old, and misshapen red blood cells from circulation. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide (a waste product). These disc-shaped cells are filtered by the spleen based on their physical characteristics.

Detailed explanation-3: -WHAT IS THE SPLEEN? The spleen is an organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen. It filters bacteria and other germs from the bloodstream and is important for fighting infection (figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -The spleen serves two major critical functions in protecting against bloodstream bacterial infections–it is a phagocytic filter that removes bacteria from the bloodstream and it is an antibody-producing organ.

Detailed explanation-5: -The sheaths surround central arteries within the spleen and contain T lymphocytes that attack foreign bodies as the blood is filtered into the spleen. The lymphatic nodules are where B-lymphocytes predominate, producing antibodies to coat pathogens and flag them up for removal by scavenger cells.