IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Although the secretion of perforin and granzymes is the main way by which cytotoxic CD8 T cells eliminate infection, with the expression of Fas ligand playing a lesser role, most cytotoxic CD8 T cells also release the cytokines IFN-, TNF-, and TNF-, which contribute to host defense in several ways.

Detailed explanation-2: -The helper T-cells release molecules called cytokines. Cytokines send messages to other immune cells to start an immune response.

Detailed explanation-3: -B cells are capable of producing cytokines, but their cytokine production depends on their differentiation state and activation conditions. Hence, unlike T cells that can produce a large amount of cytokines upon activation, B cells require specific differentiation and activation conditions to produce cytokines.

Detailed explanation-4: -The specific cytokines present during the process of helper T cell activation influence the type of effector cell produced. Microbes at a site of infection not only stimulate dendritic cells to make cell-surface B7 costimulatory proteins; they also stimulate them to produce cytokines.