IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The immune system recognizes and destroys, or tries to destroy, substances that contain antigens. Your body’s cells have proteins that are antigens. These include a group of antigens called HLA antigens. Your immune system learns to see these antigens as normal and usually does not react against them.

Detailed explanation-2: -The surfaces of microorganisms typically bear repeating patterns of molecular structure. The innate immune system recognizes such pathogens by means of receptors that bind features of these regular patterns; these receptors are sometimes known as pattern-recognition molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -When the body senses foreign substances (called antigens), the immune system works to recognize the antigens and get rid of them. B lymphocytes are triggered to make antibodies (also called immunoglobulins). These proteins lock onto specific antigens.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each pathogen is made up of several subparts, usually unique to that specific pathogen and the disease it causes. The subpart of a pathogen that causes the formation of antibodies is called an antigen. The antibodies produced in response to the pathogen’s antigen are an important part of the immune system.