IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins called immunoglobulins. The antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and permeate the other body fluids, where they bind specifically to the foreign antigen that stimulated their production (Figure 24-2).

Detailed explanation-2: -Antibodies are protective proteins produced by your immune system. They attach to antigens (foreign substances)-such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and toxins-and remove them from your body.

Detailed explanation-3: -B-cells protect you from infection by making proteins called antibodies. B-cells are a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. When your immune system detects antigens-markers that indicate a threat like a bacteria or virus has entered your body-your B-cells produce antibodies to fight the invader.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibodies are proteins made by the body’s natural defence system (immune system) to fight foreign substances, such as bacteria. Antibodies attach themselves to the foreign substance, allowing other immune system cells to attack and destroy the substance.

Detailed explanation-5: -Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are glycosylated protein molecules present on the surface of B cells (surface immunoglobulins) serving as antigen receptors (BCR), or are secreted into the extracellular space where they can bind and neutralize their target antigens (15).