IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls and provides protection against bacterial invasion in the skin, mucus membrane and many body fluids. It is found in tears, sweat and saliva.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lysozyme is a  14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Detailed explanation-3: -As an important part of the nonspecific immune defense mechanism, lysozyme is an important component of antibacterial in saliva. It participates in the host nonimmune defense against bacteria, maintaining the steady state equilibrium of the oral cavity environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears and saliva that has powerful digestive capabilities, and can break down foreign agents to a harmless status before they enter the body. The clotting of blood near open wounds prevents an open space for antigens to easily enter the organism by coagulating the blood.

Detailed explanation-5: -A. Lysozyme present in saliva and tears kills viruses by destroying their cell walls.

Detailed explanation-6: -Tear components long recognized to have antimicrobial function include lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement. Lysozyme was shown to be present in human tears and to kill Gram-positive bacteria by Alexander Fleming (Fleming, 1922).

Detailed explanation-7: -An important group of lysosomal enzymes produced in the salivary glands is salivary lysosomal exoglycosidases. They hydrolyze a single monosaccharide from the nonreducing end of salivary glycoconjugates (e.g., glycoproteins and glycolipids) [31].