IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The kinin system, which is activated by coagulation factor XII, produces substances that increase vascular permeability. The most important of the kinins is bradykinin, which is responsible for much of the pain and itching experienced with inflammation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The inflammatory response increases the amount of blood flow to the site of injury to get more nutrients and white blood cells to an area in need. To increase blood flow to the area, the blood vessels get wider (dilate).

Detailed explanation-3: -The resulting increased vascular permeability allows increased transport of proteins through the capillary vessel wall and results in increased COP in the tissue.

Detailed explanation-4: -The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.