IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “nonspecific” immune system.

Detailed explanation-2: -Skin, tears and mucus are part of the first line of defence in fighting infection. They help to protect us against invading pathogens.

Detailed explanation-3: -The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is a physical barrier against pathogens.

Detailed explanation-4: -Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the epidermis. They act as the first line of innate immune defence against infection.

Detailed explanation-5: -The primary barrier to the entrance of microorganisms into the body is the skin. Not only is the skin covered with a layer of dead, keratinized epithelium that is too dry for bacteria in which to grow, but as these cells are continuously sloughed off from the skin, they carry bacteria and other pathogens with them.

Detailed explanation-6: -The innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are also required to initiate specific adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses rely on the body’s ability to recognize conserved features of pathogens that are not present in the uninfected host.