IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adaptive immunity is an immunity that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination. This part of the immune system is activated when the innate immune response is insufficient to control an infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -The T and B lymphocytes (T and B Cells) are involved in the acquired or antigen-specific immune response given that they are the only cells in the organism able to recognize and respond specifically to each antigenic epitope.

Detailed explanation-3: -B cells produce antibodies, which bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells. T cells kill infected host cells or help B cells produce more antibodies. Memory B and T cells persist in the body for many years, providing lifelong protection against reinfection by the same pathogen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Innate immune cells are the body’s first line of defense. They quickly respond to foreign cells to fight infection, battle a virus or defend the body against bacteria. T-cells and B-cells react when invading organisms slip through that first line using a process called acquired immunity (or adaptive immunity).

Detailed explanation-5: -In brief, when B and T-cells replicate during the primary immune response, they produce effector cells and long-lived memory cells. Memory B and T-cells are antigen-specific and, on encountering the antigen again, can mount a more rapid and effective immune response, known as the secondary immune response.