IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Primary Response It takes time for the body to manufacture antibodies. If the body’s lymphocytes have not encountered the antigen before, the body can take 2–3 weeks to generate enough antibodies to protect against the disease.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself.

Detailed explanation-3: -Active Immunity Vaccine-induced immunity is acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Adjuvants help the body to produce an immune response strong enough to protect the person from the disease he or she is being vaccinated against.

Detailed explanation-5: -Live-attenuated vaccines Live vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease. Because these vaccines are so similar to the natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-lasting immune response.