OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE GOOD BAD AND UGLY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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a scab forms
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lymphocytes produce many antibodies quickly
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particular lymphocytes are activated and make copies of themselves
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all lymphocytes are activated and make copies of themselves
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Detailed explanation-1: -Lymphocyte activation occurs when lymphocytes (B cells or T cells) are triggered through antigen-specific receptors on their cell surface. This causes the cells to proliferate and differentiate into specialized effector lymphocytes.
Detailed explanation-2: -Firstly, during the primary immune response, naïve B-cells are activated by T-cells. after that, B-cells move to secondary lymphoid organs like the spleen and lymph nodes where they enter B-cell follicles or germinal centres within the cortex.
Detailed explanation-3: -B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection.
Detailed explanation-4: -Phagocytes engulf the intruders, break them down and chew them up. Lymphocytes are further broken down into two more types. The B lymphocytes (or B-cells) create antibodies and alert the T lymphocytes (or T-cells) to kill the pathogens.
Detailed explanation-5: -Activation of immune responses due to the presence of pathogens evokes the release of cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-, and IL-6, which initiate what is known as the acute-phase response of inflammation, aimed at fighting infection. The acute-phase response has metabolic and behavioral consequences.