IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is also crucial in vaccine therapy. The secondary immune response is dependent on many subpopulations of memory cells within T and B lymphocytes and NK (natural killer) cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -During the secondary immune response, the immune system can eliminate the antigen, which has been encountered by the individual during the primary invasion, more rapidly and efficiently. Both T and B memory cells contribute to the secondary response.

Detailed explanation-3: -The secondary response of B-and T cells following subsequent encounter with the same antigen is more rapid due to the activation of previously generated memory cells. This has quantitative and qualitative differences from the primary response.

Detailed explanation-4: -In secondary responses, on antigen rechallenge, memory B cells are activated and have at least two fates: they either differentiate into long-lived plasma cells or enter GCs to undergo rounds of population expansion, SHM and selection (Fig.

Detailed explanation-5: -The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and memory B and T cells are critical in secondary responses to infection.

Detailed explanation-6: -A type of white blood cell. T cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer.

Detailed explanation-7: -B cells produce antibodies, which bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells. T cells kill infected host cells or help B cells produce more antibodies. Memory B and T cells persist in the body for many years, providing lifelong protection against reinfection by the same pathogen.