IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Helper T cells, killer T cells, and macrophages are the three main kinds of lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and NK-cells, the production of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

Detailed explanation-3: -T cells regulate the activities cells participating in immune responses. They provide help for antibody production by B cells, and they are also the effectors of antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI).

Detailed explanation-4: -Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

Detailed explanation-5: -Most macrophages can live for several months and can kill hundreds of different bacteria before they die. In this way, macrophages provide a non-specific or innate immunity. Another function of macrophages is to alert the immune system to microbial invasion.

Detailed explanation-6: -(a) Inflammation and fever are non-specific immune responses triggered by the innate immune system.