IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ebola, Marburg, Lassa and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses are examples. This type of secondary transmission of the virus can occur directly, through close contact with infected people or their body fluids. It can also occur indirectly, through contact with objects contaminated with infected body fluids.

Detailed explanation-2: -Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both people and non-human primates. MVD is caused by the Marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic (or, animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus family.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ebola Virus Disease In addition to the other symptoms of hemorrhagic fever – fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea – the more severe cases can include damage to blood vessels and extensive internal and external bleeding (hemorrhage).

Detailed explanation-4: -Ebola is spread through direct contact with body fluids ― blood, saliva, sweat, tears, mucus, vomit, feces, breast milk, urine and semen ― of people infected with it. It is also spread by touching things that have been contaminated with these fluids.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filamentous enveloped virus containing a negative strand RNA genome 19 kb in length that encodes for a nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein (GP), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L), and four structural proteins termed VP24, VP30, VP35 and VP40.

Detailed explanation-6: -There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus).