MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in people who have kidney failure (stage 5 kidney disease). It happens when your body’s levels of calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus are not in balance. It is important to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism to prevent it from causing other health problems, such as bone disease.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chronic kidney failure is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In some people with long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism, usually from end-stage kidney disease, the parathyroid glands enlarge. They begin to release parathyroid hormone on their own.

Detailed explanation-3: -Defect in the activation of vitamin D in the kidneys due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, resulting in a compensatory increase in parathyroid gland cellularity and parathyroid hormone production and causing secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP).

Detailed explanation-4: -Renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone levels secondary to derangements in the homeostasis of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D. Patients with rHPT experience increased rates of cardiovascular problems and bone disease.

Detailed explanation-5: -Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most frequent cause of ESRD. Hypertension is the second most frequent cause. Glomerulonephritis. Polycystic kidney diseases. Renal vascular diseases. Other known causes, like prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, nephrolithiasis. More items