MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -As discussed below, there are two distinct types of ER that perform different functions within the cell. The rough ER, which is covered by ribosomes on its outer surface, functions in protein processing. The smooth ER is not associated with ribosomes and is involved in lipid, rather than protein, metabolism.

Detailed explanation-2: -The rough ER is named so because it’s dotted with tiny ribosomes, giving it a rough or nubbed appearance under the microscope, kind of like a climbing wall. Together, they make proteins and ship them to all other parts of the cell in a process called protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins. Smooth ER is largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production. It also has a detoxification function.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins targeted for transport to the Golgi apparatus are transferred from ribosomes on rough ER into the rough ER lumen, which serves as the site of protein folding, modification, and assembly. The proximity of the rough ER to the cell nucleus gives the ER unique control over protein processing.