MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bony callus is formed. As more osteoclasts, and osteoblasts migrate to the sight and multiply, fibrocartilage is gradually replaced by a callus made of spongy bone, the bony callus.

Detailed explanation-2: -The tissue that is repairing the broken bones is a fibrocartilaginous callus. The fourth stage is the formation of a hard callous (4–12 weeks). In this stage, calcium is deposited within the fibrocartilaginous soft callus which is remodeled into a bony callus of spongy (immature, disorganized) bone.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bony callus formation In the weeks that follow, the fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced by a bony callus known as cancellous bone. This process is facilitated by endochondral ossification. The remaining cartilaginous callus is reabsorbed in the surrounding tissues and begins to calcify.

Detailed explanation-4: -Many types of cells and factors are involved in the process of bone remodeling. Osteoblast and osteoclast are the two main cells participating in those progresses (Matsuo and Irie, 2008). Osteoclasts are responsible for aged bone resorption and osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation (Matsuoka et al., 2014).

Detailed explanation-5: -The reparative stage starts within about a week of the injury. A soft callus (a type of soft bone) replaces the blood clot that formed in the inflammatory stage. The callus holds the bone together, but isn’t strong enough for the body part to be used. Over the next few weeks, the soft callus becomes harder.