PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Bradykinin is among the major pain mediators during inflammation. Peripherally produced bradykinin alters the electrical functions of nociceptor sensory neurons that are the forefront initiators of the ascending signals of the sensory neural pathway for pain perception.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bradykinin receptors (BKR) are G-protein coupled receptors, whose principal ligand is the protein bradykinin. Although bradykinin is a pro-inflammatory mediator, it is recognized as a neuromediator and it also modulates several vascular and renal functions (Bascands et al., 2003).

Detailed explanation-3: -Bradykinin is an endogenous nonapeptide known to induce pain and hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimulation. Correspondingly, it excites nociceptors in various tissues and sensitizes them to heat, whereas sensitizing effect on the mechanical response of nociceptors is not well established.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bradykinin has been shown to be an important mediator of pain and irritation in skin, muscle, joints, vasculature, and all visceral organs. Bradykinin excites 55% of skin C-fibers in rat, 255 71% of joint afferents in cat, 253 and 100% of cardiac afferents in cat.