IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Peripheral tolerance. T-cell anergy is induced by inhibiting mTOR pathways or can be induced by tolerogenic DCs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Clonal anergy is another mechanism of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. In the context of oral tolerance, its involvement was first demonstrated based on a study that showed T cell tolerance could be reversed in vitro by exogenous IL-2 (Whitacre et al., 1991).

Detailed explanation-3: -T cell clonal anergy is a proposed mechanism of immunologic self tolerance in which T cells become functionally inactivated after previous stimulation. MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by different cell types has been speculated to have a role in determining activation vs. anergy in responding T cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dominant tolerance Where so called recessive tolerance is associated with anergized lymphocytes as described above, in the dominant form of tolerance, specialized T-reg cells which actively ablate the immune response are developed from the naive T lymphocyte.