IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A large part of immunoglobulins excreted in milk are IgA that protect mainly against enteric infections. The specificity of maternal milk IgA is driven by an entero-mammary cell circulation. Human milk also contains anti-idiotypic antibodies capable of enhancing infant antibody response.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most abundant immunoglobulin in human milk is SIgA, which represents over 90% of milk antibodies. However, immunoglobulins G and M (IgM) are also present, but in concentrations much lower than SIgA (9–13).

Detailed explanation-3: -Breast milk provides the first source of antibody-mediated immune protection in the intestinal tract of suckling infants, in the form of secretory IgA (SIgA) (1). IgA produced by plasma cells in the mammary gland is transported across alveolar epithelial cells (ECs) by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR).

Detailed explanation-4: -IgG Antibodies in Breast Milk Help Shape Infants’ Gut Bacteria and Immunity. Researchers have known for some time that maternal breast milk provides critical nutrients for newborns, and antibodies from mothers vaccinated against a specific disease-causing bacterium or virus can be transferred via breast milk to babies.