IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Animal diseases can be spread by 5 main routes of transmission: direct contact; inhalation of aerosols; ingestion; indirect transfer by fomites, such as equipment, footwear or vehicles; or vector transmission. Direct contact is one of the main methods of disease spread between animals.

Detailed explanation-2: -A disease that is naturally transmissible from animals to people is classified as a zoonosis. Zoonotic diseases can spread in many ways, such as: working closely with infected livestock.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some wild and domestic animals, such as cattle, pigs, dogs, raccoons, and rodents, carry the bacteria and pass them in their urine. People become ill following direct contact with urine or tissues from infected animals, or exposure to contaminated soil, food, or water.