IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hybridoma technology is one of the most common methods used to produce monoclonal antibodies. In this process, antibody-producing B lymphocytes are isolated from mice after immunizing the mice with specific antigen and are fused with immortal myeloma cell lines to form hybrid cells, called hybridoma cell lines.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hybridoma cells resulting from the fusion of B lymphocytes and myeloma cells produce specific monoclonal antibodies. As more monoclonal antibodies are being used in clinical applications, e.g. Muromonab-CD3 (OK3) to prevent acute rejection of organs (Shapiro et al., 2003), Rituximab™ to treat B-cell lymphoma, etc.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hybridoma technology overview Hybridoma cells are generated via fusion between a short-lived antibody-producing B cell and an immortal myeloma cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Formation of monoclonal antibodies The spleen cells are fused with human cancerous white blood cells called myeloma cells to form hybridoma cells which divide indefinitely. These hybridoma cells divide and produce millions of monoclonal antibodies specific to the original antigen.