IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adjuvants. Adjuvants act to improve the immune response against specific antigens, and have been an important technology for vaccine development. While not having any specific antigenic effect by itself, an adjuvant may stimulate the immune system, increasing the host response to vaccine antigens.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tumor antigenicity can be enhanced at different levels. Endogenous tumor antigens can be fostered by altering different pathways in the tumor cells: 1. Genomic DNA contains an excellent source of dormant antigens that can be unleashed via several strategies: epigenetic drugs, radiotherapy, genotoxic drugs or CRISPRa.

Detailed explanation-3: -Antigens typically consist of proteins or carbohydrates derived from the pathogen, against which an adaptive immune response is desired. An adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to stimulate and enhance the magnitude and durability of the immune response.

Detailed explanation-4: -An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better.