IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -B cells participate in T-cell activation via antigen presentation, costimulation and cytokine production; affect antimicrobial defenses and tissue inflammation; and, importantly, serve as regulatory cells that modulate both cellular and humoral responses.

Detailed explanation-2: -What are B cells? These cells mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies in response to the antigens. B cells are involved in humoral response. As soon as B cells come across the antigens, they produce plasma cells and memory B cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -B cells produce antibodies, or Y-shaped chromosomes that are created by the immune system to stop foreign substances from harming the body. B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their surface, which they use to bind to a specific protein.