IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Subsequent research found two main types of opsonin in blood that opsonised bacteria: complement proteins and antibodies.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of opsonins are antibody molecules such as the IgM that are capable of activating the complement system to increase the susceptibility of antigens to phagocytosis. Apart from phagocytosis, opsonization can also promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Opsonins include a subset of complement components, coagulation factors, immunoglobulins, apolipoproteins, cell adhesion mediators, and acute phase factors that associate with the quantum dot surface and make it “visible” to specialized macrophage receptors [127].