IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The third line defense aims at eliminating specific pathogens that have been encountered by the immune system previously (adaptive or acquired immune response). Instead of being restricted to the site of infection, the adaptive immune response occurs throughout the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -The adaptive defense consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response. The term ‘adaptive’ refers to the differentiation of self from non-self, and the tailoring of the response to the particular foreign invader.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nonspecific Innate Immunity. Nonspecific innate immunity is a system of defenses in the body that targets invading pathogens in a nonspecific manner. It is called “innate” because it is present from the moment we are born. Nonspecific innate immunity includes physical defenses, chemical defenses, and cellular defenses.

Detailed explanation-4: -The adaptive immune response in B cells, Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells involved four phases: encounter, activation, attack, and memory.