IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Individuals rely on active immunity more so than passive immunity. Active immunity is created by our own immune system when we are exposed to a potential disease-causing agent (i.e., pathogen).

Detailed explanation-2: -immune system, the complex group of defense responses found in humans and other advanced vertebrates that helps repel disease-causing organisms (pathogens).

Detailed explanation-3: -Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such as bacteria, toxins, viruses and foreign tissues. Substances that are recognised as foreign and provoke an immune response are called antigens.

Detailed explanation-4: -The innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are also required to initiate specific adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses rely on the body’s ability to recognize conserved features of pathogens that are not present in the uninfected host.