IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lymph nodes: These small glands filter and destroy germs so they can’t spread to other parts of your body and make you sick. They also are part of your body’s lymphatic system. Lymph nodes contain immune cells that analyze the foreign invaders brought into your body.

Detailed explanation-2: -The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “nonspecific” immune system.

Detailed explanation-3: -The immune system has a vital role: It protects your body from harmful substances, germs and cell changes that could make you ill. It is made up of various organs, cells and proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -The lymphatic system is made up of: lymph nodes (also called lymph glands) – which trap microbes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The skin is part of the first line of defense protecting the body from infection. It harbors a range of immune cells, including Langerhans cells (Langerhans, 1868). Initially thought to be part of the nervous system, Langerhans cells play an important role in the defense against pathogens (Schuler and Steinman, 1985).

Detailed explanation-6: -Skin barrier immunity is comprised of stromal cells such as keratinocytes and adipocytes and immune cells such as Langerhans and Trm cells working in concert to prevent pathogen entry and to deal with continuous physical and chemical challenges.