IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Antibodies are protective proteins produced by your immune system. They attach to antigens (foreign substances)-such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and toxins-and remove them from your body.

Detailed explanation-2: -The antibody binds to specific antigens. This signals the other cells of the immune system to get rid of the invading microbes. The strength of binding between the antibody and an antigen at a single binding site is known as the antibody’s affinity for the antigen.

Detailed explanation-3: -B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them.

Detailed explanation-4: -An antibody generally recognizes only a small region on the surface of a large molecule such as a polysaccharide or protein. The structure recognized by an antibody is called an antigenic determinant or epitope.

Detailed explanation-5: -The fragment antigen-binding (Fab fragment) is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain.

Detailed explanation-6: -A neutralizing antibody defends a cell from an antigen or infectious body by inhibiting or neutralizing any effect it has biologically. The antibody response is crucial for preventing many viral infections and may also contribute to the resolution of an infection.