IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Following an immune response two types of differentiated B cells persist in the memory pool: plasma cells, which confer immediate protection by the secretion of specific antibodies; and memory B cells, which confer rapid and enhanced response to secondary challenge.

Detailed explanation-2: -B cells participate in T-cell activation via antigen presentation, costimulation and cytokine production; affect antimicrobial defenses and tissue inflammation; and, importantly, serve as regulatory cells that modulate both cellular and humoral responses.

Detailed explanation-3: -These cells develop within germinal centers of the secondary lymphoid organs. The most important function of memory B cells is to remember the first encounter with invading pathogens, and to provide effective protection against secondary infection for years (Crotty et al., 2003).