IMMUNOLOGY

OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

THE GOOD BAD AND UGLY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
The process of engulfing a bacterium or virus particle by a macrophage is known as
A
Phagocytosis
B
Pinocytosis
C
T cell
D
Dendritic cell
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -The macrophage starts to surround the virus and engulf it into the cell. Instead of moving the large item across the plasma membrane, which might damage the membrane permanently, phagocytosis uses extensions of the cytoplasm (pseudopods) to surround the particle and enclose it in a membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Receptors on the cell surface bind ligand molecules on the target, such as a pathogen, dead cell, or bead. As receptors bind more and more ligand molecules, the cell membrane progressively engulfs the target. Upon full engulfment, a phagosome is formed, which fuses with lysosomes, leading to digestion of the target.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phagocytosis is a process by which particles, microbes or fragments of dead cells are engulfed and internalized, usually by specific membrane receptors.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 m in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis.

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