IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953, and a year later on 1.6 million children in Canada, Finland and the USA. The results were announced on 12 April 1955, and Salk’s inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was licensed on the same day.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Salk vaccine was quickly adopted nationwide, and by 1959, had reached about 90 countries.

Detailed explanation-3: -In 1955, Salk2 developed the inactivated poliovirus vaccine; thus began widespread immunisation. This was followed in 1960 by a live, attenuated oral vaccine developed by Sabin. The effect was impressive.

Detailed explanation-4: -Jonas Edward Salk. Dr. Jonas Edward Salk (1914-95) was an American medical researcher who discovered and developed the first successful polio vaccine. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician.

Detailed explanation-5: -Salk’s procedure, first attempted unsuccessfully by American Maurice Brodie in the 1930s, was to kill several strains of the virus and then inject the benign viruses into a healthy person’s bloodstream. The person’s immune system would then create antibodies designed to resist future exposure to poliomyelitis.

Detailed explanation-6: -polio vaccine, preparation of poliovirus given to prevent polio, an infectious disease of the nervous system. The first polio vaccine to be widely used in humans, known as inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or Salk vaccine, was developed in the early 1950s by American physician Jonas Salk.

Detailed explanation-7: -In 1955, the campaign bore fruit when Dr Jonas Salk developed the first vaccine against polio – an injectable, inactivated polio vaccine. In 1961, Dr Albert Sabin developed a “live” oral polio vaccine (OPV) which rapidly became the vaccine of choice for most national immunization programmes globally.