IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The lysogenic cycle: The phage infects a bacterium and inserts its DNA into the bacterial chromosome, allowing the phage DNA (now called a prophage) to be copied and passed on along with the cell’s own DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The lysogenic cycle is a viral reproductive stage where the virus’s DNA is replicated using the host cell’s DNA. Most cells can go through this cycle, but it is often found in viruses that infect bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -Like the lytic cycle, in the lysogenic cycle the virus attaches to the host cell and injects its DNA. From there, the viral DNA gets incorporated into the host’s DNA and the host’s cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Viral genome integration into the host genome is a hallmark of retroviruses, as it is a mandatory step in the retroviral life cycle and a prerequisite for productive infection.

Detailed explanation-5: -The integrated viral genome is called a provirus. The virus now can remain in the host for a long time to establish a chronic infection. The provirus stage is similar to the prophage stage in a bacterial infection during the lysogenic cycle.

Detailed explanation-6: -In the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome and remains dormant, rather than becoming active immediately to generate more virions. After a period of time the viral DNA will be synthesized in large quantities, transitioning into the lytic cycle, and eventually lysing the cell.