IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Epidemiology is the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations. In epidemiology, the patient is the community and individuals are viewed collectively.

Detailed explanation-2: -Infectious disease epidemiology is the study of how and why infectious diseases emerge and spread among different populations, and what strategies can prevent or contain the spread of disease at the population level.

Detailed explanation-3: -Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems (1). Key terms in this definition reflect some of the important principles of epidemiology.

Detailed explanation-4: -In epidemiology, the “cause” is an agent (microbial germs, polluted water, smoking, etc.) that modifies health, and the “effect” describes the the way that the health is changed by the agent. The agent is often potentially pathogenic (in which case it is known as a “risk factor”).

Detailed explanation-5: -Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of diseases in a population, and the application of this study to controlling outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics by understanding the origins and patterns of the spread of a disease.

Detailed explanation-6: -By using research-from the field and in the lab-and statistical analysis, epidemiologists can track disease and predict its future outcomes. In the case of COVID-19, this analysis requires heavy data surveillance, collection, and interpretation.