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Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The answer is: d. The U.S. Census. The U.S. Census is the only source of data that does not originate directly from the customer.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of primary research are: Interviews (telephone or face-to-face) Surveys (online or mail) Questionnaires (online or mail)

Detailed explanation-3: -To contrast, the following are not primary research articles (i.e., they are secondary sources): Literature reviews. Meta-Analyses/Review articles (These are studies that arrive at conclusions based on research from many other studies.) Editorials.

Detailed explanation-4: -Detailed Solution The correct answer is National publications. Primary data is a type of information that is gathered by researchers directly from primary sources using methods including tests, questionnaires, and interviews.

Detailed explanation-5: -Only the data directly collected by a person or an entity is primary data. Therefore, government-published records are secondary data.