INTRODUCTION
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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A claim that pretends to be scientific but has not actually been tested
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A hypothesis that the results did not support
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A theory that has been modified based on new evidence
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A law that describes a phenomenon observable only at some scales
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Detailed explanation-1: -Astrology and phrenology are pseudoscientific because its main hypotheses were assumed to be correct from the beginning, despite the fact that they have never been supported by rigorous evidence.
Detailed explanation-2: -Pseudoscience is a proposition, a finding or a system of explanation that is presented as science but that lacks the rigor essential to the scientific method. Pseudoscience can also be the result of research that is based on faulty premises, a flawed experimental design or bad data.
Detailed explanation-3: -Popper used astrology and psychoanalysis as examples of pseudoscience and Einstein’s theory of relativity as an example of science. He subdivided nonscience into philosophical, mathematical, mythological, religious and metaphysical formulations on one hand, and pseudoscientific formulations on the other.
Detailed explanation-4: -Pseudoscience often commits common fallacies of reasoning. Examples: ad hominem, appeal to emotion, to authority, appeals to conspiracy theories, and (the gov’t is hiding the evidence for their theories, etc.)