RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Researchers and their biases may be known to participants in the research, and participant characteristics may be known to researchers as well. Results in this study are particular, specialized, and therefore less generalizable. Researchers generate new hypotheses and theories from data collected.

Detailed explanation-2: -Researcher and their biases may be known to participants in the study, and participant characteristics may be known to the researcher. Researcher and their biases are not known to participants in the study, and participant characteristics are deliberately hidden from the researcher (double blind studies).

Detailed explanation-3: -Subject bias, also known as participant bias, is a tendency of participants (subjects) in an experiment to consciously or subconsciously act in a way that they think the experimenter or researcher wants them to act. It often occurs when subjects realize or know the purpose of the study.

Detailed explanation-4: -In research, bias occurs when “systematic error [is] introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others” 7. Bias can occur at any phase of research, including study design or data collection, as well as in the process of data analysis and publication (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-5: -It can be done at any stage of the process. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the analysis of results. Analysis of data is less time-consuming. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the participants in the study.