SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Detailed explanation-1: -Bottom-up testing is a type of integration testing that integrates modules from the bottom first and then moves upward in the control flow graph until all modules are tested. Bottom-up testing is also called inductive reasoning.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the top-down approach, the stubs are used to simulate the submodule, which implies that the Stub works as a momentary replacement. On the other hand, in the bottom-up testing approach, the drivers simulate the main module, which means that the Driver works as a momentary replacement.

Detailed explanation-3: -What are top down and bottom up integration testing? Top down integration testing involves designing the main module first, then calling submodules from it, whereas a bottom up integration testing approach involves creating different modules first, then integrating these modules into the main function.