(A) solution
(B) ** famine
(C) tariff
(D) alcohol
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -Between 1845 and 1855 more than 1.5 million adults and children left Ireland to seek refuge in America. Most were desperately poor, and many were suffering from starvation and disease. They left because disease had devastated Ireland’s potato crops, leaving millions without food.
Concept note-2: -Suddenly, in the mid-1840s, the size and nature of Irish immigration changed drastically. The potato blight which destroyed the staple of the Irish diet produced famine. Hundreds of thousands of peasants were driven from their cottages and forced to emigrate–most often to North America.
Concept note-3: -It decimated Ireland’s population, which stood at about 8.5 million on the eve of the Famine. It is estimated that the Famine caused about 1 million deaths between 1845 and 1851 either from starvation or hunger-related disease. A further 1 million Irish people emigrated.
Concept note-4: -During the Great Hunger, roughly 1 million people died and more than 1 million fled the country, causing the country’s population to fall by 20–25% (in some towns falling as much as 67%) between 1841 and 1871.
Concept note-5: -Thousands of families left Ireland in the 19th century because of rising rents and prices, bad landlords, poor harvests, and a lack of jobs.