(A) imperialism
(B) jingoism
(C) ** sphere of influence
(D) protectorate
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -neocolonialism, the control of less-developed countries by developed countries through indirect means.
Concept note-2: -In foreign relations studies, sphere of influence, also referred to as a “zone of influence” or a “sphere of interest, ” is a diplomatic term that describes a region over which a specific ruling group, institution, or country exerts military, cultural, or economic power.
Concept note-3: -In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military or political exclusivity.
Concept note-4: -Famous examples of spheres of influence in Asian history include the spheres established by the British and Russians in Persia (Iran) in the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 and the spheres within Qing China that were taken by eight different foreign nations late in the nineteenth century.
Concept note-5: -OUTSIDE INFLUENCE IN CHINA As such, they were also imposing their influence on China in the form of ‘spheres of influence’. In fact, the major western powers of the time (Britain, France, Russia, Japan and Germany) established major spheres of influence in China that lasted throughout the end of the 19th century.