(A) Japanese threats
(B) ** European spheres of influence
(C) the Boxer Rebellion
(D) the Russo-Japanese War
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -On October 6, 1900, Britain and Germany tacitly endorsed the Open Door Policy by signing the Yangtze Agreement, stating that both nations would oppose the further political division of China into foreign spheres of influence.
Concept note-2: -Why was the Open Door Policy created? The US had recently gained a foothold in East Asia, and they were afraid they’d be forced out of the Chinese market by countries who had been there longer than them, so they created the policy to ensure they wouldn’t lose their ability to trade with China.
Concept note-3: -British and American policies toward China had long operated under similar principles, but once Hay put them into writing, the “Open Door” became the official U.S. policy towards the Far East in the first half of the 20th century.
Concept note-4: -The Open Door Notes (1899-1900) In 1899 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed an “Open Door” policy in China in which all nations would have equal trading and development rights throughout all of China.