(A) ** They were surrounded by the Allied powers and fought on two fronts.
(B) They were inexperienced.
(C) They lacked transportation needed for war.
(D) They refused to participate in trench warfare.
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -1 Answer. The Central Powers had the disadvantage at the beginning of the war of having to fight on two fronts. Also there was the control of the oceans that Entente Powers of France, England and Italy enjoyed.
Concept note-2: -When war broke out, the Allied powers possessed greater overall demographic, industrial, and military resources than the Central Powers and enjoyed easier access to the oceans for trade with neutral countries, particularly with the United States.
Concept note-3: -During World War I, Germany fought a two-front war against France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium and later also American forces on the Western Front and Russia and later Romania on the Eastern Front.
Concept note-4: -The Central Powers was the name given to Germany, Austria-Hungary, and their supporters, during World War I. They were fighting against the allied (united) countries of Britain, France, and Russia.