(A) ** Imperialism
(B) Militarism
(C) Alliances
(D) Nationalism
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -Throughout history countries have wanted to control lands beyond their borders. The word imperialism refers to the practice of a country’s extending its political power, especially through the acquisition of conquered territory. Such a country and the lands it controls are called an empire.
Concept note-2: -Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other territories and peoples.
Concept note-3: -Imperialism adversely affected the colonies. Under foreign rule, native culture and industry were destroyed. Imported goods wiped out local craft industries. By using colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods, colonial powers held back the colonies from developing industries.
Concept note-4: -Between the 15th century and the middle of the 18th, England, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain built empires in the Americas, India, and the East Indies. Russia, Italy, Germany, the United States, and Japan became imperial powers in the period from the middle of the 19th century to World War I.